Francis Bacons New Atlantis Essay Example For Students

Francis Bacons New Atlantis Essay Francis Bacons New AtlantisFrancis Bacon was the founder of the modern scientific method. The focus on thenew scientific method is on orderly experimentation. For Bacon, experimentsthat produce results are important. Bacon pointed out the need for clear andaccurate thinking, showing that any mastery of the world in which man lives wasdependent upon careful understanding. This understanding is based solely on thefacts of this world and not as the ancients held it in ancient philosophy. Thisnew modern science provides the foundation for modern political science. Baconspolitical science completely separated religion and philosophy. For Bacon,nothing exists in the universe except individual bodies. Although he did notoffer a complete theory of the nature of the universe, he pointed the way thatscience, as a new civil religion, might take in developing such a theory. Bacon divided theology into the natural and the revealed. Natural theology isthe knowledge of God which we can get from the study of nature and thecreatures of God. Convincing proof is given of the existence of God but nothingmore. Anything else must come from revealed theology. Science and philosophyhave felt the need to justify themselves to laymen. The belief that nature issomething to be vexed and tortured to the compliance of man will not satisfyman nor laymen. Natural science finds its proper method when the scientistputs Nature to the question, tortures her by experiment and wrings from heranswers to his questions. The House of Solomon is directly related to thesethoughts. It is dedicated to the study of Works and the Creatures of God(Bacon, 436). Wonder at religious questions was natural, but, permitted freereign, would destroy science by absorbing the minds and concerns of men. Thesingular advantage of Christianity is its irrationality. The divine soul was amatter for religi on to handle. The irrational soul was open to study andunderstanding by man using the methods of science. The society of the NEW ATLANTIS is a scientific society. It is dominated byscientists and guided by science. Science conquers chance and determines changethus creating a regime permanently pleasant. Bensalem, meaning perfect son inHebrew, has shunned the misfortunes of time, vice and decay. Bensalem seems tocombine the blessedness of Jerusalem and the pleasures and conveniences ofBabylon. In Bacons NEW ATLANTIS, the need for man to be driven does not exist. Scarcity is eliminated thereby eliminating the need for money. But thus, yousee, we maintain a trade, not for gold, silver or jewels nor for any othercommodity of matter, but only for Gods first creature which was light (Bacon,437). This shows a devotion to truth rather than victory and it emphasizes theChristian piety to which the scientist is disposed by virtue of his science. Asman observes and brings the fruits of his observations together, he discoverlikeness and differences among events and objects in the universe. In this wayhe will establish laws among happenings upon which he can base all subsequentaction. Bacon realized that sometimes religious ideas and the discoveries ofnature and careful observations were contradictory but he argued that societymust believe both. The NEW ATLANTIS begins with the description of a ship lost at sea. The crewlift up their hearts and voices to God above, who showeth his wonders in thedeep, beseeching him of his mercy (Bacon, 419). Upon spotting land anddiscerning natives the sailors praise God. When a boarding party comes to theirship to deliver messages, none of the natives speak. Rather, the messages aredelivered written on scrolls of parchment. The parchment is signed with astamp of cherubins wings and by them a cross (Bacon, 420). To the sailors,the cross was a great rejoicing, and as it were a certain presage of good(Bacon, 420). After the natives leave and return to the ship, they stop and askAre ye Christians? (Bacon, 421). When the sailors confirm that they are, theyare taken to the island of Bensalem. On Bensalem, the sailors are confined totheir resting place and are attended to according to their needs. The sailorsreply, God surely is manifested in this land (Bacon, 424). Upon talking tothe governor the next day, he exclaims Ye knit my heart to you by asking thisquestion, the hope that they might meet heaven, in the first place, for itshoweth that you first seek the kingdom of heaven (Bacon, 427). This is nottrue. The sailors have already sought food, shelter and care of the sick. Inother words, they had sought self preservation. As Bacon put it, they hadalready prepared for death (Bacon, 419). .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 , .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .postImageUrl , .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 , .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:hover , .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:visited , .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:active { border:0!important; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:active , .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333 .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u003783e7a02aa909df982145f6564333:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abortion2 EssayAfter the Feast of the Family, the father of Salomons House has a conferencewith the travelers. The father says, I will give the greatest jewel that Ihave. For I will impart to thee a relation of the true state of SalomonsHouse (Bacon, 447). The greatest jewel is not one of monetary value but ofknowledge. The father continues, The End of our Foundation is the Knowledge ofCauses and secret motion of things, and the enlarging of the bounds of HumanEmpire, to the affecting of all things possible (bacon, 447). This is theturning point from religion to science and science becoming the new civilreligion. From this comes the ability of human rule over Nature. It wa s statedbefore that they were interested in Gods first creature which was light(Bacon, 437). This contradicts an earlier statement that It is dedicated tothe study of Works and Creatures of God (Bacon, 436). The former obviously anindication to science as the latter is to religion. Bacon stresses theimportance of light as the precursor of fruit to suggest that they arefollowing the divine instrument. There are two images used by Bacon to refer toknowledge, torture and light. The torture refers to the violent twisting ofnatures secrets. Nature must be conquered but is not adverse to the conquest. The forces of Nature are against us, but in a rather passive manner. Light, onthe other hand, is the meaning for natural philosophy. From Salomons housethere go forth merchants of light and lamps. Light is identified with truth. Supposing that light is symbolic of natural philosophy, then it dismisses thecase of light being divine philosophy. The light in Bacon is primarily thelight of Nature. The obvious contrast here is one between gold and silver andlight (Bacon, 437). Light, here is noble where gold and silver are base. Thenoble light is for the beneficence of all man. Bcaon took the modern spiritand weaved them together so as to suggest a method by which man could masterthe universe. He did this to the end that he might exhibit therein a model ordescription of a college instituted for the interpreting of nature and theproducing of great works for the benefit of man. The island community of Bensalem also has two long and fair galleries (Bacon,456). In one gallery the native place all manner of patterns and samples ofrare and excellent inventions. In the other gallery are placed statues ofinventors. It is interesting to note here that while the island and its nativesact in so civil a fashion (Bacon, 423) in professing to be Christian andreligious that they place science so high on their list. Science is placed sohigh that instead of having statues of God and his works, they erect statues ofinventors of the western world thereby showing their commonness and baseness tohuman preservation. They do, however, have certain hymns and services, which(we) say daily, of laud and praise to God for his marvelous works (Bacon, 457). But, even this is done for the illumination of (their) labors and the turningof them into good and holy uses (Bacon, 457). The statues are erected to thememory of what the natives consider most important for in Bacon, the scientistsare a consecrated priesthood. In Bacons NEW ATLANTIS, religion plays an important role. However, it is arole of cover-up. It covers up the true idea that Bacon is trying to get across science as the new civil religion. Although he relegated religion into arealm of its own outside of and different from philosophy, he held that therewere religious laws that man must obey whether or not they appeared reasonable. .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff , .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .postImageUrl , .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff , .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:hover , .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:visited , .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:active { border:0!important; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:active , .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4ad120b8e6451df5aa61b92322287ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Entrepreneur Observation Report EssayBy freeing theology and philosophy, Bacon was able to shape philosophy so thatit might undertake an unbiased study of the universe. This left man subject tothe will of God and thereby shorn of his freedom. It is obvious that thiscreation could not long satisfy the thinking mind as it was far toocontradictory. The laymen have a genuine thirst for knowledge yet they cannotknow what is uncovered either by religion or by science.

The Importance of Good History Essay Topics

The Importance of Good History Essay Topics If you're authentic, nobody can write the exact essay as you! The mere truth that you're being made to compose an essay makes you hate the topic, however hard your professor tried to help it become intriguing. The point is to connect the dots so that you start to get that initial thesis statement. You must be alert to the essay structure, which will organize the chaos in your thoughts. As an example, let's say if you're writing about language history essay than you are going to have to incorporate all of the information concerning the history language on the planet irrespective of any specific region while in specific language history essay, you would speak about history of the language of a certain region. For an expert, even the fantastic old Google Scholar is sufficient to locate as many fantastic sources since they will need to think of a superb essay. Otherwise, you may wind up filling your essay with unnecessary info. Each of these varieties of paper is owned by the category of informative essay. Think about reading about logical fallacies to safeguard your statements ring true. General overview would incorporate information that's covering the topic for language essay for a whole while specific overview is only going to speak about particular troubles. Before you even begin writing your literature paper you've got to learn the principal point which will be discussed throughout the job. When you finish your research notes you can begin writing with confidence that you have all of the pieces you have to create an amazing essay. Some writers decide to add quotations since they write. You can always rely on the best writers, who would like to talk about their abilities. Writers don't stick to a specific side. Keep writing the challenges and opinions so long as you are able to. Select a topic that you could finish quickly. Last, search the internet for educational and present event resources, stay interest in news since it will help you remain updated and allow you to explore several aspects of a situation or topic. Ideally, you should combine both net and library in your research. Being organized also lets you reduce all of the stress you experience due to your studies since you feel more in control. Show the readers you have the capability of understanding more than 1 perspective. What Does Good History Essay Topics Mean? Writers can also select controversial topics, like the manufacturing and farming processes popular in the USA. A Masters thesis isn't an expert standard, it's a competency test. History appears to be an intimidating subject. Britain's history consists of numerous conquests and rule of numerous foreign lands. Topics can even include recycling and distinct items that are recyclable. Critical evaluation is indispensable! School life People are always able to relate to themselves and students aren't any different. Unfortunately, students have so few opportunities which they don't even understand the things that they care about. You want to create an impact, but should you spend 5 years on your Masters then you're certain to be disappointed when no one notices or cares. An excellent research paper idea may have a narrow focus or a broader perspective on an issue which affects a wide swath of individuals. There are a lot of ways to create any topic fun you simply will need to let set your creative forces free. The obvious benefit of working with a writing agency is getting a terrific essay punctually. A custom written paper is one which is written exactly to your requirements. Thus, you commit to writing a paper of mediocre quality because you think's the best that you can do with the time you've got at hand. Thus, you just made a decision to sleep from time to time. Other times, it isn't so uncomplicated.

How to Write an Essay on a Certain Topic

How to Write an Essay on a Certain TopicAre you wondering how to write an essay on a certain topic? The following are some tips on how to write an essay.Writing an essay is a serious undertaking and it is always better to have an outline so that you can have a general idea of what you need to do. You should also consider this as a chance to express your thoughts clearly. It is also important to include several key points and also in order to make your essay not seem unstructured.The topic of your essay should be something that you are familiar with. You can choose a certain topic which is closely related to the subject matter of your essay. This can serve as a basis for you to write an essay on a certain topic.Before writing the first sentence of your essay, make sure that you make a list of the points that you want to write about. This should help you avoid getting lost in the writing process. For instance, if you are writing about evolution in human civilization, you can divide the article into various chapters. This will help you to refer to different points and also you can come up with a coherent thesis.Another way to write an essay on a certain topic is to include lists. You should start from the beginning and then work your way down to the end. Thus, you will be able to make connections between different points of your essay and you will be able to put them together.In addition, you should always be aware of your writing style. You should keep all your points in mind when you write an essay on a certain topic.One important fact that you should remember is that you are never supposed to be boring in writing an essay on a certain topic. You should always take risks, have a creative streak and also write in a manner that can make your readers smile.In conclusion, the above mentioned tips on how to write an essay on a certain topic can really help you achieve this goal. It is just a matter of implementing these tips.

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Research Papers on Indian Writing in English

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Research Papers on Indian Writing in English Ruthless Research Papers on Indian Writing in English Strategies Exploited Besides, we're using a sensible interface. You will soon locate the official data about us. Master node is liable for managing the Kubernetes cluster. Worker node is a sort of node in the shape of VM or physical machine based on cluster. And because it is a type of expression, being in a position to have more than 1 typeface to pick from is helpful in such a wide variety of contexts. If your state isn't allowed the website will block you from registering automatically. Another benefit of our website is the quickness. The most well-known case in point is Baybayin. Research Papers on Indian Writing in English - Is it a Scam? Clearly, if you cannot write this up to the necessary standard, you should find qualified aid. Realtime gaming is a great example. Due to how our writing crew is really large, we can offer academic assistance with nearly every topic possible. What's more, it feels like college program has been made for some super-human beings, as you can't stand the flow. That's the best test. Research Papers on Indian Writing in English Can Be Fun for Everyone Low rates, nice discounts There is not any need to devote all your savings, when you pay for essay. Ally you must do is to correctly submit your order instructions and produce the payment. In this manner, you can discuss order information and track the progress at any moment. Then place your purchase now! The cost depends upon the size and urgency. In any case, you might read the testimonials of our clients. It's fun, trustworthy, and safe, and it provides high-quality work for the lowest prices on the industry. In any case, you'll certainly like our price policy. Research Papers on Indian Writing in English - the Conspiracy Nobody told you that college life will be easy. This usually means you'll have a good gaming experience the very first time and for a long time to come. Our writing team includes experienced pros with various academic backgrounds and they're always prepared to work for you. In a race with one another. Even should you need to purchase research paper done in 6 hours, you can depend on us. My mind is currently spiralling. But that's a story for a different moment. We give you a private page where you are able to communicate with your writer any instance of the day, and when you have any questions concerning the practice of your work, it's our pleasure to cater to your every need. It's surprising how quickly comp points can accumulate! In any case, non-fiction is written to realize political and ideological ends. The ending is definitely divisive and how you take a look at it is going to ride on your world view. It was a fantastic day to date. If you're looking for a fresh perspective on the folks and their relationships within this age old tale, do pick this up. English folks stay there. Her job was supposed to compile the section of the news that made it simpler for the readers to settle back and sip their coffee and muse that things weren't so bad after all. Being a teacher isn't everybody's cup of tea. To evangelise and proselytise is now a modern means of life, expanding past the religious sphere. In general, among the superior Indian thrillers out there from a special voice in the Indian writing scene, definitely advisable. There were so many different things I could do at this time. The key turned in the primary door. What You Need to Know About Research Papers on Indian Writing in English You are going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and once you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things will get even more exciting. Social inequality, a gap made by tradition, economics, culture and birth is believed to be the root of several evils, exploring the way that it affects criminal. There are lots of names that lead in the Indian literature to move it to the top. The actual men and women highly praise our essay help site. Whether you need to make a paper of special flawlessness, just get an essay here and our writers will provide help. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. Our essay questions are listed above so that you can begin composing a the ideal college essays are the ones that make the reader feel as though they know you, so write. We offer assistance with essay writing of any type.

How a Student Sample Essay on the Horse Industry Affecting the Economy Can Help You Win College Essay Contests

How a Student Sample Essay on the Horse Industry Affecting the Economy Can Help You Win College Essay ContestsIt is said that a good student sample essay on the horse industry affecting the economy can help a student in a college essay contest. Why?The reason is that there is no such thing as an essay that requires no writing ability or knowledge. It needs to be interesting, compelling and informative. A sample student essay on the horse industry affecting the economy PDF can bring all of these to the fore.There are two aspects of writing a paper that is often overlooked: content and general knowledge. You want your reader to engage with you. You want them to be entertained, and you want them to leave you wanting more information. They need to feel that your essay has meaning.An essay based on general knowledge should not be specific or too technical for the average reader. But in a sample student essay on the horse industry affecting the economy PDF, you can combine the two elements . The reader will relate the information about horse breeding, buying and sales with the important issues of today's economy.In addition, a sample student essay on the horse industry affecting the economy PDF will allow the writer to be as detailed as needed without going overboard. For example, if you are talking about the recent barn sale, the topic can be expanded to include other issues in the area.These market factors have a direct effect on horse breeding and the cost of horses. They affect the price at which you can sell horses and at what price you purchase new ones. The increased cost due to inflation is one example of the indirect effect.If you choose to use a two or three paragraph essay, make sure that it is well researched and written. There are some college essay contests that require only a paragraph or two. A short, to the point essay will win over a lengthy argument and paragraph structure.An essay is a vital part of learning. Give it a try and see how it helps you win college essay contests.

The Role Of Technology Essays - Machine Gun, Fighter Aircraft

The Role of Technology in World War I Technology made a huge impact in the fighting of World War I. Blimps dropped bombs, airplanes with propellers in the back radioed gun positions, aces battled in their biplanes, ground troops threw and shot grenades at each other, and heavy machine guns snapped off bullets at each other making a big difference in the course of the war. These tools of war can be divided into two major categories: air advances and ground improvements. Airplanes were first used in 1911 in a war in Libya, and also in the Mexican revolution. There wasn't much air bombardment in these wars; the planes were used for reconnaissance missions.1 By 1914, however, this technology was being used in European countries. The importance placed on airplanes in the military can be measured by the amount of money each country spent on getting the technology, and building things using the knowledge. By this time France had spent about 22 million dollars on this new field of military technology. Germany had also spent 22 million. America, however, had only spent half a million dollars on its program.2 Another measure of the importance placed on planes by each country is the number of planes it had and when the actual branches of the militaries were formed. By 1912 France had formed its Royal Flying Corps and had 36 planes in it. Later in 1913 Germany formed its Imperial German Air Service. This air force was based on lighter than air vehicles and dirigibles; they had mostly hot air balloons and blimps. Britain, however, had beaten them all: they had not only formed an air force, but just before the war they divided it from just the British Royal Flying Corps into The Royal Naval Air Service and The British Royal Flying Corps.3 By 1915 airplanes were used for many things on the front. Planes often flew behind enemy lines, landed, let a spy get out, then took off again. The parachute had been invented, but military pilots weren't using it.4 Troops were also often supplied by plane. Planes also told guns where to shoot using wing signals, and messages dropped to machine gun operators. Sometimes, but not often, they used radios. 5 At the beginning of the war slow, stable planes that provided a good lookout position was what the military wanted. These planes had seats for the pilot, and an observer. Sometimes a machine gun was mounted behind the seats so the observer could turn around and fire at other aircraft. Faster, smaller one-man fighters were soon developed to destroy the slower planes.6 Soon planes took on more tasks than just reporting army positions. By 1914 both British and German pilots started throwing grenades and gasoline bombs at opposing troops. These first attempts didn't have significant results. Soon planes started attacking each other. The first recorded aerial battle was on August 26th 1914. 3 British planes forced a German plane to land, then burned the plane.7 German dirigibles, also known as Zeppelins, were a major force in the war because they often carried large bombs. They were hard to destroy while airborne, and were often destroyed while inside their sheds. British incendiary bullets were also able to destroy them. Churchill said, "I believed that this enormous bladder of combustible and explosive gas would prove to be easily destructible. ... our incendiary bullets would harry, rout, and burn these gaseous monsters."8 At first pusher planes were considered the superior single man plane, with the engine and propeller mounted in the back providing the pilot with no risk of hitting the propeller and damaging his own plane.9 However, tractor planes soon outdated pusher planes. Although the propeller and engine were located at the front with the risk of the pilot hitting his own propeller the plane was much faster and more maneuverable.10 Engineers were faced with a problem regarding the machine gun. If the guns were mounted forward the plane would shoot off its own propellers. If mounted on the side of the typical biplane it would likely destroy the struts and braces that braced the wings. One solution was to mount the gun on the top wing of the plane, but this gun was difficult to aim and awkward.11 French, German,

Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essays

Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essays Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essay Critical Summary of Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important by Tim Schouls Essay by: Shakir Jahangir Tim Schouls in his essay, â€Å"Why Group Representation in Parliament Is Important,† argues that the parliamentary representation in Canada is unfair because it doesn’t represent Canada’s social diversity as a whole. He believes that democracy in Canada can be considerably deepened and enhanced when the composition of the House of Commons substantially reflects the social diversity of Canada (for example, Aboriginals, ethnic minorities, visible minorities, gays etc. ) instead of geographical diversity (constituencies). He asserts there’s a big change taking place in Canadian politics; attachment to geography, language, and religion are becoming less important to Canadians while attachments to ethnicity and gender are becoming more significant. Therefore, it’s legitimate to call for a system that reflects this change. The main objective of democracy in a country is to form a parliament that represents its people. But Mr. Schouls complains that in the parliament Canadians are overwhelmingly represented by privileged white males from professional and business background, which undermines the interests of rest of the population that don‘t fit the category. In response to Mr. Redekop’s argument, which states that MPs get elected simply because they are better than their opponents in capturing the vote, Mr. Schouls argues that winning more votes doesn’t necessarily mean better services from the MPs. We elected members of parliament so they can serve us well. Marginalized people in the society will be better represented by those who are like them because their identities carry with them distinctive experiences that are different from white male MPs. Marginalized people can achieve this goal though special guaranteed seats in the parliament. Mr. Schouls then counters Mr. Redekop`s argument, which claims that by paying more attention to gender and ethnicity-based claims to inclusion will farther fuel division amongst Canadians, by saying that unlike the Quebec separatists, which is based on a geographic identity, marginalised people are not asking for separation from Canadian democracy, but rather to be more fully included within them. John H. Redekop, in his essay, â€Å"Group Representation in Parliament Would Be Dysfunctional for Canada,† argues that identity-based group representation in Parliament, with guaranteed seats, is neither desirable not workable in Canada. One of the problems involving this system is that it’s often hard to categorize individuals into different groups. For example, what proportion of Aboriginal blood or French blood is required to be categorized as an Aboriginal or a French-Canadian; who decides who’s who; what about those who identify themselves with multiple identity? Identity-based representation can created tension within a particular group due to lack of representation from sub-groups (e. g. , Indian Muslims vs. Indian Hindus vs. Indian Sikhs). Moreover, it is impossible to accommodate representative from every ethnic background in the House of Commons. Mr. Redekop argues that voters can be represented well without having to elect someone who shares same ethnicity or gender by electing someone who’s competence. He also says that MPs representing ethnic diversity will have little influence in the Parliament due to their small size, which would consistently create minority government, which in turn will result in political and economical instability. Our current single-member district electoral system creates stability and accountability in the government by producing majority governments. Then he argues that simply the ability to represent is not the primary qualification to become an MP, which explains why most female voters vote for candidate or party believed to be the best option or most favourable to them. In a identity-based representation those who are elected to guaranteed seats, Mr. Redekop believes, would be deemed to be second-class MPs because they are elected with special governmental facilitation. As a result, they be less effective in the Parliament. Though, he does recognize that the current system is highly unrepresentative. Having rejected Mr. Schouls idea of identity-based group representation Mr. Redekop suggests that the problem of under-representation can be solved by having half of the House of Commons seats filled by our present form of election, which would enable all Canadians to retain the benefits of having their own MP, and having the other half being filled by a proportional representation system, which would promote unity and goodwill, for example, by allowing a nationally victorious party to have at least some representation from a province where it got a large number of votes but did not come first in any riding. In agreement with Mr. Redekop, I support the dual electoral system because I recognize that the current system is highly unrepresentative but having an identity-based electoral system will be chaotic. People are more concerned with issues like economy and healthcare than who they are being represented. The question is what they are representing? Canada’s ethnic groups (except French-Canadians) and women are dispersed throughout the country; therefore, it will be difficult for a MP to represent the values and needs of members living in different geographic locations because it’s very likely that their values and needs will be different from each other. By having a dual electoral system, a combination of single-member district and identity-based representation, we can experiment with the system and see if we can find a solution to the problem of under representation. Having said that, I also think that Mr. Schouls also has a point. Of course, it will be hard to make sure that all the identity-based groups are represented in the Parliament but we should try the best we can and minimize lack of representation. Mr. Redekop argues that MPs representing ethnic diversity will have little influence in the Parliament due to their small size then he also argues that these groups will become special interest groups in parliament, which are conflicting ideas. Why would anybody or corporation try to influence a group that has no influence in the parliament? Moreover, it likely that special interests would try to influence big parties because they’re more influential. Mr. Redekop blames women for not having more members in the Parliament, though indirectly, by saying that â€Å"most female voters, just like most male voters, tend to vote for the candidate or party that they believe to be the best of the options,† which implies that women are not typically the best options; otherwise, we would have had many more women in the Parliament. Yes, most women do vote sensibly and usually they cast their vote for the male candidates, not because they’re the best choice but because they don’t have a choice. Not many women run for seats in the Parliament because it takes a lot of money to run a campaign and women tend to be less stable financially due to discrimination in our society. Therefore, it’s important that about 51% (the approximate percentage of the number of women in Canada) of the parliamentary seats are kept reserved for them. 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