SPECIAL EDUCATION AND RELATED SERVICES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION Research Paper

SPECIAL EDUCATION AND RELATED SERVICES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION - Research Paper Example It is at this point that special education, or special needs education sets in. To this end, special education refers to the learning programs, institutions, or systems that are specifically designed to cater for students with special needs (Morellion 2007, p. 87). These educations systems have to be structured in a manner that ensures all the inadequacies of the students with special needs are met in a way that tries to keep them at par with the regular students. As such there are certain assigned effective models for providing these secondary special education services. An effective model for secondary special education services has to factor in quite a number of aspects to ensure that the students can get the best from it. For a start, it has to understand that the students are specialized in such a manner that they need special attention to be able to learn as effectively as the rest. Moreover, the specialized approach needs to be unique to each and every student with a special need. This is due to the fact that special needs students vary in terms of specific needs and individualistic traits. These include the strengths and weaknesses of each student, their processing and cognitive abilities as well as the specific form of disability that they may be possessing (Lian and Kim 2002, p. 131). In this line, a mental disability has to be treated differently from a physical deficiency. Similarly, the same type of disability has to be treated differently across different age brackets. Consequently, a model that identifies the specialty in special needs education is expected to be more effective than that which generalizes and does not give any unique attention to individualistic traits. One of the most effective models for providing secondary special education is the collaborative model for secondary special education services. Through this model, both a regular teacher and a special education teacher work collaboratively to provide

Interpersonal Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example For example in the case study Prisca refers to her client, Mrs. Roberts as auntie, as a form of respect. The three methods of interpersonal interaction include non-verbal communication, written communication and oral communication. Non-verbal communication involves facial expressions, gestures demonstrate by the body language, physical distance between the parties involved in the communication process, tonal variation and the pitch of the voice. Non-verbal offers clues as well as additional information and meaning over and beyond the spoken words or communication (Downs and Adrian, 2004, 02-04). Non-verbal communication may be deliberate or unintentional. It serves to reinforce the words that are being spoken, convey information on the emotional state of an individual and regulating the flow of information. In the case study, non-verbal communication is made evident when Mrs. Roberts walks down the path in her bed clothes and slippers while carrying her shopping bag. Through that gesture, she wanted to demonstrate her deep anger and frustration as a result of the delay by Prisca. Written communication is another form of interpersonal communication in which the parties involved interacted through writing. This form of interaction is mainly used in formal circumstances or when communicating to a deaf and dumb person who is able to read and write. It is less interactive as reading and writing may consume a lot of time. This form of communication is likely to be applied in the case of Mrs. Roberts who has challenges with hearing. Verbal communication occurs when there is sharing of information between individuals through speech. This can be monitored through ensuring that the enunciation, tone and stress in which the words have been expressed is applied in the right context. The communication cycle demonstrates that effective verbal communication is a two-way process which are speaking and

Kerala Essay Example for Free

Kerala Essay Kerala, the ‘God’s Own Country’, lies in the extreme Southern part of India. It has an area of 38863 sq. km and a population of 3. 18 crores. Kochi, or more familiarly, Cochin is a city of many parts. Around for a long, long time, Kochi played a pivotal role in the development of shipping and trade in the region. Kochis prime location on the west coast, its fine bay and protected harbor made it popular with seafarers and merchant ships who made frequent stops to stock up on spices, coffee and wood enroute to the rich markets of Europe and West Asia. And so down the ages, Kochi prospered as a busy port city and commercial centre. Its seafront is still extremely relevant to Cochin and to India: it houses a Naval Base and one of India’s busiest ports. It’s twin city, Ernakulam, is an important railhead and industrial centre. Kerala – God’s own Country tagline has been used because of its location, landscaping and its surroundings. It is the amalgamation of lush and tropical Malabar Coast on the west along with verdant backwaters in the centre ranging from Cochin to Kollam and Nilgiri mountain range covered with tea plantations in the east. Kerala The God’s own country Kerala, meaning â€Å"land of coconut trees†, is one of the relatively well kept secrets of all the exotic destinations in the world. However, Kerala’s popularity has increased over recent years. National Geographic† travel magazine lists Kerala among the fifty must see locations in the world. Not surpirisingly, the State Tourism Department promotes Kerala’s natural beauty, breathtaking lush landscape and tropical beaches as â€Å"God’s own country†. The result has been a signifiant influx of tourists and foreign visitors. The Sanskrit saying â€Å"athithi devo bhava†( treat your guest like God, with respect and honour) is ingrained in the collective ethos of the people of Kerala.

Class Scheduling System Essay Example for Free

Class Scheduling System Essay College and university campuses frequently struggle with the task of getting academic classes and the wide variety of non-academic meetings and events that they host into the appropriate rooms. Ensuring the availability of the necessary services and resources can also be difficult. How Class Schedule Maker Software Can Help You A class schedule maker will go a long way in making life easier for students as this automates the process of scheduling classes to some extent. It is a useful tool that will save a lot of time. College days are tough as students have to juggle time between studies and part-time jobs to keep them afloat meanwhile and some students also have to participate in sports and athletics. And classes are only available at certain times and students have to wrap their schedule around these. A tool that will help with scheduling will be really helpful for students and teachers alike. College teachers have some of the best and most respected jobs. But enriching the intellect of young minds takes a lot of responsibility as the competence of the teacher plays a part in deciding to what extent the student will excel in that subject. And for this teachers have to spend a lot of time preparing proper study material. And if you put yourself in the academician’s shoes, you will see that this is quite difficult. Plus, there is the added responsibility of scheduling classes. This would be unnecessary added stress to the teachers and an electronic aid to help them will prove to be really helpful. A graphic representation of data is always useful and this is one of the benefits of a class schedule maker. They say a picture is worth a thousand words and nowhere is this truer than in the case of pie charts and bar graphs which say a lot in a very few words. By creating customized graphic layouts, you can easily view schedules at a glance and manage your time accordingly. Instead of wasting time scheduling the studies, teachers can now focus on the actual studies and this results in increased productivity gains for both students and teachers who can now utilize their time more efficiently. A Genetic Algorithm Based University Timetabling System The annual construction of an Exam Timetable is a common problem for all institutions of higher education. Quite often it is done by hand or with the limited help of a simple administration system and usually involves taking the previous year’s timetable and modifying it so it will work for the new year. Many British institutions are now introducing the concept of the modular degree. This gives the students much greater flexibility in what courses they take as well as giving a much greater choice. For the timetable, this, and the recent growth in student numbers, means that the timetable will be more constrained than ever. It is no longer good enough to use the previous year’s timetable. Every year a new timetable must be produced to take account of staff, student and course changes causing a necessarily large amount of administrative work. COMPLETE CAMPUS SCHEDULING With EMS Campus, all the functionality necessary for handling the many facets of campus-wide space management – academic scheduling, event management, meeting scheduling, resource tracking – is seamlessly integrated into one â€Å"complete campus scheduling† product. For the academic departments and registrars working to ensure that every class meets in a location and at a time that is acceptable to professors and students, the system provides automatic room assignment within user-supplied parameters, integration with your SIS/ERP software and efficient online collaboration tools. It also simplifies final exam scheduling. Meeting and event staff have access to a powerful array of tools for booking single- or multi-day events, reserving the services and resources required for those events, producing operational and statistical reports, and tracking financial transactions. For those tasked with publishing a web calendar for the campus, the Virtual EMS component of the system makes it simple. ACADEMIC SCHEDULING SOFTWARE VS TIMETABLING SOFTWARE Unlike timetabling software or timetable software, which is typically used to create a class schedule from scratch each semester, academic scheduling software allows you to roll existing schedules forward and modify them, making the scheduling process more efficient. Simple data entry It is quick and easy to enter all subjects, classes, classrooms, teachers and their contracts. The application also enables creating all specific divisions of classes into groups. It is possible to unite more classes into one lesson or to have more teachers for one lesson. Automatic generating In few minutes, the program generates a complete timetable that fulfills all your requirements. The program follows all psycho hygienic and organizational requirements such as: * The minimization of gaps in teachers schedules the limitation of maximal number of gaps in teachers schedules, as well as the limitation of days, when teachers teach. * A class of a subject has to be distributed equably in the entire week. * Verification of succession of entire and divided classes. * Placing lessons into allowed classrooms. * And many more Verification of the timetable The program verifies the data entered and helps you remove standard entry errors. It also verifies, whether the created timetable fulfills all conditions. You can make changes to the timetable, and the program notifies you, in case of illegal changes. Complete print You can print your timetable. The program automatically creates timetables for each class, teacher or classroom. It creates summary timetables of classes, teachers or classrooms for the entire school. Once printed it helps you easily assign substituting teachers when necessary. You can specify which classes, teachers or classrooms you want to print in each summary timetable.

Physico-chemical Properties of Pectin From Jelly Fig

Physico-chemical Properties of Pectin From Jelly Fig Changes in physico-chemical properties of pectin from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) seeds during extraction and gelling Chii-Ming Jiang, Ying-Jang Lai, Bor-Hon Lee, Wei-Hsien Chang, Ming-Chang Wu, Hung-Min Chang Abstract Degree of esterification of pectin from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) achene seeds and the pH value decreased rapidly during extraction, while apparent reduction of free calcium content in the pectin extract was observed at the gelling stage. Compared to those of the native pectin, total ester linkages and methyl ester linkages of pectin extract decreased, and the bound calcium content increased during pectin gelling. However, non-methyl ester linkages (the difference between the total ester linkage and the methyl ester linkage) increased by approximately 40% during pectin gelling, revealing esterification reaction between C6carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the presence of pectinesterase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that pectin fragments from jelly curds were large with flake-like structure, while those from hot (85 °C) ethanol-treated achenes were small and porous. Keywords Pectin; Jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) achenes; Jelly curd; Scanning electron microscope; Ester linkage Abstract Volatile essences of Calimyrna, Kadota, and Black Mission and Adriatic figs were prepared by passing large volumes of headspace gas through porous polymer traps at room temperature. The essences were analysed by gas chromatography, utilising wall-coated open-tubular glass capillary columns; structural elucidations were based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Differences between varieties appear to be quantitative rather than qualitative, and are not noticeably greater than differences between samples of the same variety. Compounds identified included acetaldehyde, dimethyl lacetal, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, ethyl propionate, ethyl iso butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl butyrate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl-2-methyl butyrate,2-methyl butyl acetate,2-ethyl-1,2-dihydrothiophene, ethyl vale rate and3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Nutritional Values of 14 Fig Species and Bat Feeding Preferences  in Panama: Figs are a critical resource for many tropical frugivores, yet they often are referred to as low quality fruits. To determine their nutritive value, both as a group and for individual species, we analysed 14 fig species from Barro Colorader Island (BCI), Panama, for fiber, tannins, lipids, protein, carbohydrates, amino acids, and minerals. Seeds and pulp were analyzed separately. Fig fruit pulp consisted of about one-third digestible components, mostly carbohydrates with some lipids and proteins. Tannin, lignin, and water-soluble carbohydrates showed considerable variation among species, as did fruit size. Figs contained high amounts of amino acids, such as, lysine, valine, and arginine, and minerals, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus. One species, Ficus insipida, contained the highest concentrations of almost all amino acids, many minerals, and protein. Small figs had as much nutritional value per gram as large figs. Free-standing figs had higher percenta ges of protein, complex carbohydrates, and ash than strangler figs, which had higher percentages of water-soluble carbohydrates, tannins, and hemicellulose. The guild of fruit eating bats on BCI included ten common species with diets dominated by figs. Fecal analyses and captures at ripe fig trees showed a consistent pattern of resource partitioning. Small bats preferentially ate small-fruited and strangler figs  while large bats consumed mostly large-fruited and free-standing figs. Small bats most often ate F. bullenei, which has high levels of lipid and carbohydrates, and F. yoponensis, which has high levels of protein. Medium and large bats most often ate F. insipida, a nutritionally superior species; their second most eaten species was F. obtusifolia, in which the large size may make it efficient to eat. Each bat ate a variety of fig species, supporting the idea that although no single species of fig may be sufficient to sustain frugivores, a mix of fig species can provide a c omplete set of nutrients. Natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 in dried figs as an unexpected hazard Fumonisins produced by several Fusarium species especially by Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium proliferatum and natural contaminants of corn and corn products all over the world (Jacksonand Jablonski, 2004; Scaff and Scussel, 2004). Fumonisins have been isolated in 1988 from F. verticilloides (formerly F. moniliforme Sheldon MRC 826) which is isolated from corns consumed in Transkei Region of Southern Africa (Gelderblom et al., 1988). Among the fumonisin derivatives, FB1 is the most common one and constitutes about 70–80% of the total fumonisin content of F.verticilloides cultures and naturally contaminated foods. Fumonisin B2 accounts for 15–25% of the total fumonisin, while fumonisin B3 accounts for 3–8% (Rheeder et al., 2002). However F.verticilloides and Fumonisins are found in all corn   Production areas, Fusarium spp. are more dominantly found in warm and dry regions. In addition to corn and corn products, Fumonisins have also been found in wheat and barley (Castella  et al., 1999), beer (Hlywka and Bullerman, 1999; Torres et al., 2001), rice (SCOOP, 2003), sorghum (Jackson and Jablonski, 2004), asparagus (Logrieco et al., 1998; SCOOP, 2003; Liu et al.,2005), black tea (Martins et al., 2001), medical plants (Omurtag  and YazÄ ±cÄ ±ogËËÅ"lu, 2004) and incaparina (Trucksess et al., 2002). Although its effects on human beings have not been clearly determined, it has been found that there may be a positive correlation between human esophageal cancer rates and occurrence of F. verticilloides and fumonisin in diet in Transkei – Southern Africa and Linksian–China (Castella et al., 1999; EHC,2000; Scaff and Scussel, 2004). It has also been determined that FB1 has nephrotoxic,  hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive effects against various ani mal species (EHC, 2000). It has been detected that fumonisins cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses, Porcine Pulmonary Edema and liver cancer in rats (Nelson et al., 1992; Castella et al., 1999; Scaff and Scussel, 2004). Fumonisins have been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) according to findings obtained from test  animals (IARC, 1993). Furthermore, tolerable daily intake (TDI) for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 determined by European Commission- Scientific Committee on Food is 2 lg/kg body weight (SCF, 2003). Dried fig, very nutritional and a healthy food, is one of the most widely produced fruits in the world. Dried figs can be consumed directly, or as fig paste in production of different desserts and candies. Dried figs are the only known fruit that is allowed to fully ripen and semidry on the tree (Desai and Kotecha, 1995; Drusch and Ragab, 2003) Turkey is ranked first in dried fig exporting countries with approximately 52,600 tons of dried figs in 2005, equivalent to 52% of world’s dried fig exports (FAO, 2007). Dried figs are produced mainly in the Aegean Region in the western part of Turkey. Dried figs are a high risk commodity among dried fruits. Occurrence of aflatoxins (Iamanaka et al., 2007) and ochratoxin A (KarbancÄ ±oglu- Guler and Heperkan, 2008) in dried figs have been  previously determined. The temperature in Aegean Region duringthe ripening, harvesting and drying of figs are favourable for mould.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley :: Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley An Inspector Calls is set in 1912, and was written in 1947. During these years between these dates, Britain was involved in two world wars, which turned the world upside down and disrupted the old orders forever. Already an established writer, playwright and broadcaster, particularly known for his moral-boosting wartime broadcasts, J.B priestly used his reputation to explore the clash of the old and new orders and the difference between the upper and the lower class. He drew attention to the complacency of Britain after the Industrial Revolution and before the World Wars, supported gathering socialists movement, which began to see the world as a place where all shares responsibility for all. This contrasted with the view that each person is only responsible for him or herself and their family. Priestly sort to warn his audiences of the threat posed by carrying on as before, putting too much faith in outdated values and institutions. The first audiences of 'An Inspector Calls' were receptive to new ideas, which could mend the misery and deprivation of a war-torn nation. This was a society hungry to find ways forward to a better future. The contrast between these views continues in the present-day British politics. In 1987, just three years after Priestly died, Margaret Thatcher who was Prime Minister at the time said, 'There is no such thing as society,' Priestly, like other thinkers of his time, was extremely interested in the brain and the way the mind works. Psychologists explored ideas why we are like we are, what motivate us, and how life events mould our character. Priestly play demonstrates his fascination with the mind as he systematically makes the Inspector penetrate the private thought and consciences of the characters. Priestly cleverly moves us through a jolly gathering dominated by the pompous Arthur Birling to unearth events that reveal some of the worst aspects of the characters. His play is chilling and full of suspense. The pattern the plot is taking becomes more apparent so early on in the play, which makes it more

Roma Culture :: essays research papers

Roma Culture Romas, or Gypsy, have traveled all over the world starting from India, which is considered their origin however not proven, and ending up as far as Spain where their customs have influenced and changed modern day societies. These diasporas were not deliberate but rather forced on them due to their beliefs. Stereotypes have been created to make Romas look like thieves, which is where the phrase, â€Å"I’ve been gypped,† comes from. Gypsies were and still are easy to point out due to their dark skin and jet black hair making it easier to discriminate. They traveled to Egypt, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, France, and Spain looking for a place to call home, but no one would accept them. Some even persecuted and murdered them like in the Holocaust. However, what is most interesting is how their miseries and suffering have made them into one of the strongest cultures to survive so long. One of their biggest strengths is music. Without it, they might not still be here to day. Music by definition is â€Å"vocal or instrumental sounds possessing a degree of melody, harmony, or rhythm.† However, to the Roma people music is a form of identity, of beauty, of culture. The music heard from these people will tell a story, whether of their troubled past or just pure entertainment. Every person in the Roma society is familiar with or can chant the heartfelt lyrics and melodies that have been orally passed on or created as generations have come and gone. Each country and generation had a different style of music. Yet, they all put a lot of pride and work for each gathering and chant. All sorts of instruments, mostly percussion, are played by extremely talented artists. Certain attires are prepared for the dances that go with each song. The women would normally do most of the dancing. They would decorate themselves with beautiful linens and jewelry and attach thimbles and tambourines to their body. The men usually would play the instruments. Both sexes would s ing, even the little children. A key part in keeping their identity so strong is that the parents are strict on teaching their children the music and dance. Their lyrics tell stories about horrible times or hope for freedom in the end. These styles of music create a kind of passion and thrive to continue. Their music kept them alive. One of the most interesting things about the Roma society is how their music, being so sacred to them, changed other societies. Roma Culture :: essays research papers Roma Culture Romas, or Gypsy, have traveled all over the world starting from India, which is considered their origin however not proven, and ending up as far as Spain where their customs have influenced and changed modern day societies. These diasporas were not deliberate but rather forced on them due to their beliefs. Stereotypes have been created to make Romas look like thieves, which is where the phrase, â€Å"I’ve been gypped,† comes from. Gypsies were and still are easy to point out due to their dark skin and jet black hair making it easier to discriminate. They traveled to Egypt, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, France, and Spain looking for a place to call home, but no one would accept them. Some even persecuted and murdered them like in the Holocaust. However, what is most interesting is how their miseries and suffering have made them into one of the strongest cultures to survive so long. One of their biggest strengths is music. Without it, they might not still be here to day. Music by definition is â€Å"vocal or instrumental sounds possessing a degree of melody, harmony, or rhythm.† However, to the Roma people music is a form of identity, of beauty, of culture. The music heard from these people will tell a story, whether of their troubled past or just pure entertainment. Every person in the Roma society is familiar with or can chant the heartfelt lyrics and melodies that have been orally passed on or created as generations have come and gone. Each country and generation had a different style of music. Yet, they all put a lot of pride and work for each gathering and chant. All sorts of instruments, mostly percussion, are played by extremely talented artists. Certain attires are prepared for the dances that go with each song. The women would normally do most of the dancing. They would decorate themselves with beautiful linens and jewelry and attach thimbles and tambourines to their body. The men usually would play the instruments. Both sexes would s ing, even the little children. A key part in keeping their identity so strong is that the parents are strict on teaching their children the music and dance. Their lyrics tell stories about horrible times or hope for freedom in the end. These styles of music create a kind of passion and thrive to continue. Their music kept them alive. One of the most interesting things about the Roma society is how their music, being so sacred to them, changed other societies.